The Setup
The economy looks wobbly, but your screen keeps flashing new highs—what gives?
Corporate taxes are slipping—corporate income taxes now make up only about 8% of federal revenue and roughly 1.7% of GDP. Tax Foundation | Tax Policy Center
Unemployment is ticking up from cycle lows near 3.5% to the mid‑4s in late 2025. Trading Economics
Recession chatter is back…yet tech stocks and gold won’t stay down.
That disconnect isn’t random noise.
The U.S. just quietly crossed an annualized ~$1.1 trillion interest bill on its national debt—more than it budgets for defense. RAND
The FY2025 budget request for the Department of Defense was about $850 billion. Brownstein

That’s not just a scary headline.
It’s the entry fee to a new regime macro folks call “fiscal dominance.”
In that regime, the government struggles to tolerate a classic deflationary bust.
Deflation makes the debt heavier in real terms—and eventually harder to service.
So when growth sags, the policy playbook tends to shift:
Less “Crush inflation at all costs”
More “Keep the debt machine funded—even if it means printing”
And when the world smells more money printing, a lot of capital rushes into things that can’t be printed.
Today, we’ll unpack what fiscal dominance really means—and how it quietly stacks the odds for tech, gold, and other scarce assets.
A Closer Look
Here’s the line in the sand.
In Fiscal Year 2025, the U.S. interest tab has pushed above $1.1 trillion on an annualized basis, overtaking a defense budget request of about $850 billion. RAND | Brownstein
On a trailing‑12‑month basis through October 2025, net interest paid was about $981 billion, and the Congressional Budget Office projects $952 billion in net interest for FY2025, ramping toward $1.78 trillion by 2035. JEC / Treasury | Peterson Foundation
Interest used to be a rounding error.
Now it’s a headliner, set to swallow close to one‑fifth of every tax dollar in FY2025 (roughly $952 billion of interest on about $5.2 trillion of projected federal revenue). Peterson Foundation | Wharton Budget Model
Meanwhile:
Total federal spending is running around $7.01 trillion U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data
Leaving a structurally embedded deficit of roughly $1.8 trillion
With corporate income taxes contributing just 8.3% of total revenue and about 1.7% of GDP Tax Foundation | Tax Policy Center
When almost one‑fifth of government revenue goes just to interest, the usual “just hike rates to fight inflation” trick stops being free.
Why?
Because higher rates don’t just cool the economy—they explode the interest bill.
The weighted‑average interest rate on U.S. marketable debt has already more than doubled, from about 1.55% five years ago to roughly 3.36% as of December 2025, on a much larger principal base. JEC Debt Dashboard
Push rates much higher from here and next year’s interest tab lurches into numbers that start to crowd out everything else: social programs, investments, even parts of the military.
RAND notes that interest payments are now larger than spending on national defense, and bigger than combined federal outlays on education, law enforcement, and scientific research. RAND
That’s how the conversation drifts toward solvency questions, not just “soft landing” debates.
So the Fed is boxed in.
They can talk tough on inflation, but there’s a line they can’t cross without blowing up the Treasury market.
And in practice, that pivot has already started:
The Fed ended its balance‑sheet runoff (QT) on December 1, 2025, months earlier than many expected NRUCFC | FHLBank Boston
Its balance sheet has stabilized around $6.6–6.7 trillion, far above pre‑COVID levels, effectively locking in a permanently larger monetary base NRUCFC
The new language is about “reserve management” and “maintaining liquidity,” but mechanically that often means being a buyer of last resort in the Treasury market SVB | Fed MPR, June 2025
All of this helps keep the government’s $38.4 trillion (and growing) debt pile funded—now increasing by about $8.03 billion per day, with total gross debt up $2.25 trillion in the past year. JEC
In plain English: monetary policy starts serving the needs of the Treasury.
That’s fiscal dominance.
Markets see this.
Once investors believe the Fed cannot let a full‑on deflationary bust happen, the game changes:
Deflation = More painful debt
Inflation = The “least bad” way out
So capital often rotates into anything with scarcity or pricing power.
You’re already seeing it:
Gold is ripping.
Prices surged about 65% in 2025, breaking to record highs above $4,000/oz, driven largely by central‑bank buying. CME Group
Official‑sector buyers added a net 45 tonnes in November 2025 alone, with Poland purchasing 12 tonnes that month and 95 tonnes year‑to‑date—alongside accumulation from Brazil, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. World Gold Council / Kitco
In a world of $210 trillion‑plus global debt, central banks are voting with their feet: “They can print dollars. They can’t print this.” Australian Resources & Investment
Mega‑cap tech—especially cash‑generative, AI‑leveraged giants—keeps attracting money because these companies often:
Throw off mountains of cash (for example, Microsoft’s operating cash flow rose to about $136.2 billion in FY2025, up $17.6 billion year‑over‑year) Microsoft 2025 AR
Own critical infrastructure (cloud, AI, software)
Have real pricing power in a world of rising costs
What about Bitcoin?
On paper, it lines up neatly as an “anti‑printing” asset.
And a key institutional barrier just fell:
That change means regulated custodial banks can now provide crypto custody without blowing up their capital ratios, opening the plumbing for pensions, endowments, and sovereign wealth funds that historically couldn’t self‑custody. Manatt
Following this shift, about 68% of institutional investors report plans to invest in Bitcoin ETPs or other digital assets. State Street Global Advisors
So while the macro backdrop screams “hard money,” the largest, slowest pools of capital are still ramping up their exposure—gravitating first to gold and giant, cash‑rich businesses, and only gradually to Bitcoin as the regulatory and custody rails mature.
How Investors Are Thinking About It
So what do you do with this?
You don’t need a 40‑page macro report.
You need a simple lens:
In a fiscal‑dominance world, assets with scarcity and pricing power tend to win.
A lot of investors and allocators tilt their attention toward:
Scarce monetary assets
Gold (with central banks and institutions already voting with their feet) CME Group | World Gold Council / Kitco
Bitcoin (for those who understand and accept the added volatility and risk—and the fact that institutional demand is only now unlocking) State Street Global Advisors
Cash‑generating businesses with pricing power
Mega‑cap tech with rising cash flows (e.g., Microsoft, not every member of the “Magnificent 7”) Microsoft 2025 AR
Essential services that can raise prices without losing customers
Areas many are more cautious with:
You don’t have to go “all in.”
But many investors prefer their portfolio story to rhyme with the policy story.
The Counterargument
There’s a smart camp that still worries about deflation.
Their argument:
Massive debt sucks oxygen out of the economy
Higher rates slow borrowing and investment
Tariffs and policy shocks hit profits
Unemployment—up from the mid‑3s to 4.6% in November 2025 and 4.4% in December—hints at weaker demand and has already tripped the Sahm‑rule recession signal (>0.5‑point rise from the cycle low) Trading Economics
Put together, that looks like falling prices—not inflation.
They’re right about the pressures.
Debt can be a growth killer.
But here’s the key distinction:
The economy can drift toward deflation. The policymakers don’t have to let it stay there.
Every time the system has wobbled in the past 15 years, the response has rhymed:
2008 crisis → Rate cuts, bailouts, QE
2020 COVID shock → Massive stimulus, money‑printing, asset backstops
2023 regional banking stress → Emergency lending programs, fast liquidity
Different labels.
Same core move:
Turn on the liquidity taps. Protect the debt. Stabilize the system.
In 2025, we saw the same pattern: the Fed ended QT and effectively prioritized sovereign funding and financial stability even with unemployment rising and inflation still above target. NRUCFC | Fed MPR, June 2025
Given a choice between:
Protecting the currency’s purchasing power, or
Protecting the debt machine
History suggests policymakers usually lean toward saving the debt.
Which means that even if you get deflation scares along the way, the medium‑term response keeps pushing back toward:
Easier money
Higher nominal asset prices
More value in things that can’t be printed
That’s the fiscal‑dominance playbook in action.
What Readers Think
If the Fed had to print another $1 trillion to stabilize the system, where would your next dollar likely go—and why?
A) Gold
B) Big tech
C) Bitcoin
D) Something else entirely
Hit reply with your letter and one sentence on your reasoning.
A few responses may be featured (anonymously) in a future issue.