The Setup

The economy looks wobbly, but your screen keeps flashing new highs—what gives?

Corporate taxes are slipping—corporate income taxes now make up only about 8% of federal revenue and roughly 1.7% of GDP. Tax Foundation | Tax Policy Center

Unemployment is ticking up from cycle lows near 3.5% to the mid‑4s in late 2025. Trading Economics

Recession chatter is back…yet tech stocks and gold won’t stay down.

That disconnect isn’t random noise.

The U.S. just quietly crossed an annualized ~$1.1 trillion interest bill on its national debt—more than it budgets for defense. RAND

The FY2025 budget request for the Department of Defense was about $850 billion. Brownstein

That’s not just a scary headline.

It’s the entry fee to a new regime macro folks call “fiscal dominance.”

In that regime, the government struggles to tolerate a classic deflationary bust.

Deflation makes the debt heavier in real terms—and eventually harder to service.

So when growth sags, the policy playbook tends to shift:

  • Less “Crush inflation at all costs”

  • More “Keep the debt machine funded—even if it means printing”

And when the world smells more money printing, a lot of capital rushes into things that can’t be printed.

Today, we’ll unpack what fiscal dominance really means—and how it quietly stacks the odds for tech, gold, and other scarce assets.

A Closer Look

Here’s the line in the sand.

In Fiscal Year 2025, the U.S. interest tab has pushed above $1.1 trillion on an annualized basis, overtaking a defense budget request of about $850 billion. RAND | Brownstein

On a trailing‑12‑month basis through October 2025, net interest paid was about $981 billion, and the Congressional Budget Office projects $952 billion in net interest for FY2025, ramping toward $1.78 trillion by 2035. JEC / Treasury | Peterson Foundation

Interest used to be a rounding error.

Now it’s a headliner, set to swallow close to one‑fifth of every tax dollar in FY2025 (roughly $952 billion of interest on about $5.2 trillion of projected federal revenue). Peterson Foundation | Wharton Budget Model

Meanwhile:

When almost one‑fifth of government revenue goes just to interest, the usual “just hike rates to fight inflation” trick stops being free.

Why?

Because higher rates don’t just cool the economy—they explode the interest bill.

The weighted‑average interest rate on U.S. marketable debt has already more than doubled, from about 1.55% five years ago to roughly 3.36% as of December 2025, on a much larger principal base. JEC Debt Dashboard

Push rates much higher from here and next year’s interest tab lurches into numbers that start to crowd out everything else: social programs, investments, even parts of the military.

RAND notes that interest payments are now larger than spending on national defense, and bigger than combined federal outlays on education, law enforcement, and scientific research. RAND

That’s how the conversation drifts toward solvency questions, not just “soft landing” debates.

So the Fed is boxed in.

They can talk tough on inflation, but there’s a line they can’t cross without blowing up the Treasury market.

And in practice, that pivot has already started:

  • The Fed ended its balance‑sheet runoff (QT) on December 1, 2025, months earlier than many expected NRUCFC | FHLBank Boston

  • Its balance sheet has stabilized around $6.6–6.7 trillion, far above pre‑COVID levels, effectively locking in a permanently larger monetary base NRUCFC

  • The new language is about “reserve management” and “maintaining liquidity,” but mechanically that often means being a buyer of last resort in the Treasury market SVB | Fed MPR, June 2025

All of this helps keep the government’s $38.4 trillion (and growing) debt pile funded—now increasing by about $8.03 billion per day, with total gross debt up $2.25 trillion in the past year. JEC

In plain English: monetary policy starts serving the needs of the Treasury.

That’s fiscal dominance.

Markets see this.

Once investors believe the Fed cannot let a full‑on deflationary bust happen, the game changes:

  • Deflation = More painful debt

  • Inflation = The “least bad” way out

So capital often rotates into anything with scarcity or pricing power.

You’re already seeing it:

  • Gold is ripping.

    Prices surged about 65% in 2025, breaking to record highs above $4,000/oz, driven largely by central‑bank buying. CME Group

    Official‑sector buyers added a net 45 tonnes in November 2025 alone, with Poland purchasing 12 tonnes that month and 95 tonnes year‑to‑date—alongside accumulation from Brazil, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. World Gold Council / Kitco

    In a world of $210 trillion‑plus global debt, central banks are voting with their feet: “They can print dollars. They can’t print this.” Australian Resources & Investment

  • Mega‑cap tech—especially cash‑generative, AI‑leveraged giants—keeps attracting money because these companies often:

    • Throw off mountains of cash (for example, Microsoft’s operating cash flow rose to about $136.2 billion in FY2025, up $17.6 billion year‑over‑year) Microsoft 2025 AR

    • Own critical infrastructure (cloud, AI, software)

    • Have real pricing power in a world of rising costs

    That strength is not universal: the sector trades around 32× forward earnings, leaving little room for error, and headline indexes are heavily concentrated in a handful of names. Invesco | BlackRock

What about Bitcoin?

On paper, it lines up neatly as an “anti‑printing” asset.

And a key institutional barrier just fell:

  • In January 2025, the SEC repealed Staff Accounting Bulletin 121 (SAB 121) and rescinded prior accounting guidance that had effectively forced banks to treat safeguarded crypto assets as balance‑sheet liabilities. Manatt | O’Melveny

  • That change means regulated custodial banks can now provide crypto custody without blowing up their capital ratios, opening the plumbing for pensions, endowments, and sovereign wealth funds that historically couldn’t self‑custody. Manatt

  • Following this shift, about 68% of institutional investors report plans to invest in Bitcoin ETPs or other digital assets. State Street Global Advisors

So while the macro backdrop screams “hard money,” the largest, slowest pools of capital are still ramping up their exposure—gravitat­ing first to gold and giant, cash‑rich businesses, and only gradually to Bitcoin as the regulatory and custody rails mature.

How Investors Are Thinking About It

So what do you do with this?

You don’t need a 40‑page macro report.

You need a simple lens:

In a fiscal‑dominance world, assets with scarcity and pricing power tend to win.

A lot of investors and allocators tilt their attention toward:

  • Scarce monetary assets

  • Cash‑generating businesses with pricing power

    • Mega‑cap tech with rising cash flows (e.g., Microsoft, not every member of the “Magnificent 7”) Microsoft 2025 AR

    • Essential services that can raise prices without losing customers

  • Areas many are more cautious with:

    • Long‑dated bonds that pay fixed dollars in a world where more dollars keep getting printed and the central bank has already pivoted from shrinking to stabilizing/expanding its balance sheet NRUCFC | SVB

You don’t have to go “all in.”

But many investors prefer their portfolio story to rhyme with the policy story.

The Counterargument

There’s a smart camp that still worries about deflation.

Their argument:

  • Massive debt sucks oxygen out of the economy

  • Higher rates slow borrowing and investment

  • Tariffs and policy shocks hit profits

  • Unemployment—up from the mid‑3s to 4.6% in November 2025 and 4.4% in December—hints at weaker demand and has already tripped the Sahm‑rule recession signal (>0.5‑point rise from the cycle low) Trading Economics

Put together, that looks like falling prices—not inflation.

They’re right about the pressures.

Debt can be a growth killer.

But here’s the key distinction:

The economy can drift toward deflation. The policymakers don’t have to let it stay there.

Every time the system has wobbled in the past 15 years, the response has rhymed:

  • 2008 crisis → Rate cuts, bailouts, QE

  • 2020 COVID shock → Massive stimulus, money‑printing, asset backstops

  • 2023 regional banking stress → Emergency lending programs, fast liquidity

Different labels.

Same core move:

Turn on the liquidity taps. Protect the debt. Stabilize the system.

In 2025, we saw the same pattern: the Fed ended QT and effectively prioritized sovereign funding and financial stability even with unemployment rising and inflation still above target. NRUCFC | Fed MPR, June 2025

Given a choice between:

  • Protecting the currency’s purchasing power, or

  • Protecting the debt machine

History suggests policymakers usually lean toward saving the debt.

Which means that even if you get deflation scares along the way, the medium‑term response keeps pushing back toward:

  • Easier money

  • Higher nominal asset prices

  • More value in things that can’t be printed

That’s the fiscal‑dominance playbook in action.

What Readers Think

If the Fed had to print another $1 trillion to stabilize the system, where would your next dollar likely go—and why?

  • A) Gold

  • B) Big tech

  • C) Bitcoin

  • D) Something else entirely

Hit reply with your letter and one sentence on your reasoning.

A few responses may be featured (anonymously) in a future issue.

Keep Reading